Dari dulu hingga sekarang, berkerjaya dalam dunia "media" tak kiralah media cetak maupun media elektronik, pasti ada cabarannya tersendiri.Cabaran itu berubah-ubah seiring perkembangan teknologi dan juga "budaya" masyarakat yang menjadi object sekaligus subject dalam media.
Apa yang pasti, masyarakat atau secara spesifiknya adalah pembaca/penonton,terbagi dalam beberapa kelompok. Ada kelompok pembaca/penonton yang sukakan berita-berita aktual dan terkini mengenai perkembangan dunia dan segala sesuatu yang berhubung kaitnya. Ada pula yang lebih sukakan berita-berita panas penuh sensasi sekedar "penghilang stress" katanya. Ada pula yang lebih minat dengan perkembangan politik tanah air semasa...dan banyak lagi.
Apa yang pasti apabila bekerjaya dalam dunia media, seseorang itu dituntut untuk memiliki tanggung jawab moral tersendiri yaitu bahawa apa yang ditulis/ditayangkan adalah sesuatu yang bukan perkara mengada-ada,sebab lambat laun masyarakat akan mengetahui kebenarannya kelak.
Apa yang ditulis/ditayangkan juga hendaklah bersifat objektif, berpada-pada. Tak perlulah media memuji seseorang atau pihak tertentu setinggi langit kemudian di lain hari menjatuhkan air mukanya sedalam dasar lautan.
Akan tetapi, patut juga digaris bawahi bahwasanya, media tidak boleh dipersalahkan secara mutlak. Masyarakat pembaca/penonton juga mempunyai kewajiban moral untuk menilai sesuatu itu juga secara objektif. Apabila ada sesuatu berita yang diragui keshahihannya, hendaklah jangan cepat melatah.
Dengan teknologi yang serba mutakhir pada abad ini, rasanya tidaklah sukar untuk tabayyun(check and recheck) mengenai sesuatu berita. Yang perlu sekarang adalah kesedaran tiap individu baik sebagai pihak media mahupun pihak pembaca/penonton untuk melakukan cross-check sebagai satu tanggungjawab moral bersama. Wallahu'alam.
Monday, May 31, 2010
Emulsion - Emulsifier
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more immiscible (unblendable) liquids.
Emulsions are mainly used in many major chemical industries. In the pharmaceutical industry, they are used to make medicines that are more tasty, to improve value by controlling the amount of active ingredients. The most popular emulsions are Non-ionic because they have low toxicity. Cationic emulsions are also used in some products because their antimicrobial properties. Antimicrobial is a substance that kills or avoids the growth of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Emulsions are also used in the making many hair and skin products such as of various types of oils and waxes.
An emulsifier (also known as an emulgent) is a substance which stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability. One class of emulsifiers is known as surface active substances, or surfactants. Examples of food emulsifiers are egg yolk (where the main emulsifying agent is lecithin), honey, and mustard, where a variety of chemicals in the mucilage surrounding the seed hull act as emulsifiers; proteins and low-molecular weight emulsifiers are common as well. Soy lecithin is another emulsifier and thickener. In some cases, particles can stabilize emulsions as well through a mechanism called pickering stabilization. Both mayonnaise and Hollandaise sauce are oil-in-water emulsions that are stabilized with egg yolk lecithin or other types of food additives such as Sodium stearoyl lactylate.
Detergents are another class of surfactant, and will physically interact with both oil and water, thus stabilizing the interface between oil or water droplets in suspension. This principle is exploited in soap to remove grease for the purpose of cleaning. A wide variety of emulsifiers are used in pharmacy to prepare emulsions such as creams and lotions. Common examples include emulsifying wax,cetearyl alcohol,polysorbate 20, , and ceteareth 20. Sometimes the inner phase itself can act as an emulsifier, and the result is nanoemulsion - the inner state disperses into nano-size droplets within the outer phase. A well-known example of this phenomenon, the ouzo effect, happens when water is poured in a strong alcoholic anise-based beverage, such as ouzo, pastis, arak or raki. The anisolic compounds, which are soluble in athanol, now form nano-sized droplets and emulgate within the water. The colour of such diluted drink is opaque and milky.
Oil-in-water emulsions are common in food. Notable examples include:
•Vinaigrette – vegetable oil in vinegar; if prepared with only oil and vinegar (without an emulsifier), yields an unstable emulsion
•Mayonnaise – vegetable oil in lemon juice or vinegar, with egg yolk lecithin as emulsifier
•Hollandaise sauce – similar to mayonnaise
•Crema in espresso – coffee oil in water (brewed coffee), unstable
In pharmaceutics, hairstyling, personal hygiene and cosmetics, emulsions are frequently used. These are usually oil and water emulsions, but which is dispersed and which is continuous depends on the pharmaceutical formulation. These emulsions may be called creams, ointments, liniments (balms), pastes, films or liquids, depending mostly on their oil and water proportions and their route of administration. The first 5 are topical dosage forms, and may be used on the surface of the skin, transdermally, ophthalmically, rectally or vaginally. A very liquidy emulsion may also be used orally, or it may be injected using various routes (typically intravenously or intramuscularly). Popular medicated emulsions include calamine lotion, cod liver oil, Polysporin, cortisol cream, Canesten and Fleet.
Emulsions are mainly used in many major chemical industries. In the pharmaceutical industry, they are used to make medicines that are more tasty, to improve value by controlling the amount of active ingredients. The most popular emulsions are Non-ionic because they have low toxicity. Cationic emulsions are also used in some products because their antimicrobial properties. Antimicrobial is a substance that kills or avoids the growth of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Emulsions are also used in the making many hair and skin products such as of various types of oils and waxes.
An emulsifier (also known as an emulgent) is a substance which stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability. One class of emulsifiers is known as surface active substances, or surfactants. Examples of food emulsifiers are egg yolk (where the main emulsifying agent is lecithin), honey, and mustard, where a variety of chemicals in the mucilage surrounding the seed hull act as emulsifiers; proteins and low-molecular weight emulsifiers are common as well. Soy lecithin is another emulsifier and thickener. In some cases, particles can stabilize emulsions as well through a mechanism called pickering stabilization. Both mayonnaise and Hollandaise sauce are oil-in-water emulsions that are stabilized with egg yolk lecithin or other types of food additives such as Sodium stearoyl lactylate.
Detergents are another class of surfactant, and will physically interact with both oil and water, thus stabilizing the interface between oil or water droplets in suspension. This principle is exploited in soap to remove grease for the purpose of cleaning. A wide variety of emulsifiers are used in pharmacy to prepare emulsions such as creams and lotions. Common examples include emulsifying wax,cetearyl alcohol,polysorbate 20, , and ceteareth 20. Sometimes the inner phase itself can act as an emulsifier, and the result is nanoemulsion - the inner state disperses into nano-size droplets within the outer phase. A well-known example of this phenomenon, the ouzo effect, happens when water is poured in a strong alcoholic anise-based beverage, such as ouzo, pastis, arak or raki. The anisolic compounds, which are soluble in athanol, now form nano-sized droplets and emulgate within the water. The colour of such diluted drink is opaque and milky.
Oil-in-water emulsions are common in food. Notable examples include:
•Vinaigrette – vegetable oil in vinegar; if prepared with only oil and vinegar (without an emulsifier), yields an unstable emulsion
•Mayonnaise – vegetable oil in lemon juice or vinegar, with egg yolk lecithin as emulsifier
•Hollandaise sauce – similar to mayonnaise
•Crema in espresso – coffee oil in water (brewed coffee), unstable
In pharmaceutics, hairstyling, personal hygiene and cosmetics, emulsions are frequently used. These are usually oil and water emulsions, but which is dispersed and which is continuous depends on the pharmaceutical formulation. These emulsions may be called creams, ointments, liniments (balms), pastes, films or liquids, depending mostly on their oil and water proportions and their route of administration. The first 5 are topical dosage forms, and may be used on the surface of the skin, transdermally, ophthalmically, rectally or vaginally. A very liquidy emulsion may also be used orally, or it may be injected using various routes (typically intravenously or intramuscularly). Popular medicated emulsions include calamine lotion, cod liver oil, Polysporin, cortisol cream, Canesten and Fleet.
Thursday, May 20, 2010
Islamic Story 12:Everything happens for a reason
Once upon a time an African king who had a close friend that he grew with. The friend had a habit to face each situation that happened in its life (positive or negative) saying: "That is good! Almighty Allah knows more".
The king and his friend one day left for a hunt. The friend loaded and prepared the weapons for the king. Apparently, the friend had made something missed in the preparation of one of the weapons, the king shot and it took his thumb away. When examining the situation, the friend observed as always: "That is good! Almighty Allah knows more". The king answered, "No, this is not good", he commanded the soldiers who arrested his friend and put him in the prison.
After one year, the king was hunting in a region where, cannibals appeared, and captured the king and took him to their village. They tied his hands, and piled up the firewood. When the cannibals came closer to the fire they noticed that the king did not have the thumb. As they were superstitious, they never ate who had a part of his body missing.
Thus, after setting the king free, they banished him from the village. When the king arrived at its palace, remembered the incident about his thumb and felt remorse for the treatment given to his friend. Immediately, he pays a visit to the prisoner to speak with his friend. "You were right", said the king. "It was good that I lost my thumb". The king started to tell his friend everything that happened to him. "I am sorry that I have ordered you to prison for such a long period. It was a great mistake". "No", the friend said, "That was the good decision, because Almighty Allah knows more". "What do you mean by that? How it can be good decision? I ordered my best friend to prison?" The friend answered: "Remember that Almighty Allah knows more and if I was not in the prison certainly I would be with you in the hunt". Then you know what would have happened with me?
"He knows what is before them and what is behind them and to Allah are all affairs turned back". Noble Qur'an, Surah Al Hajj (22:76)
Do not judge the facts or events for the immediate results! Almighty Allah, the Highest, the Omniscient and the Wise, knows more.
When we faced by circumstances that are no good, we react quickly, "This is not good." but, perhaps we did not know the reason behind it. It can become a good thing also. Hence, from next time onward, when we face any type of situation. Let us not jump into any conclusion, always remember. This life is a test. The good and the bad, nothing happen without any reason. Our mind is not prepared to understand the reason.
The king and his friend one day left for a hunt. The friend loaded and prepared the weapons for the king. Apparently, the friend had made something missed in the preparation of one of the weapons, the king shot and it took his thumb away. When examining the situation, the friend observed as always: "That is good! Almighty Allah knows more". The king answered, "No, this is not good", he commanded the soldiers who arrested his friend and put him in the prison.
After one year, the king was hunting in a region where, cannibals appeared, and captured the king and took him to their village. They tied his hands, and piled up the firewood. When the cannibals came closer to the fire they noticed that the king did not have the thumb. As they were superstitious, they never ate who had a part of his body missing.
Thus, after setting the king free, they banished him from the village. When the king arrived at its palace, remembered the incident about his thumb and felt remorse for the treatment given to his friend. Immediately, he pays a visit to the prisoner to speak with his friend. "You were right", said the king. "It was good that I lost my thumb". The king started to tell his friend everything that happened to him. "I am sorry that I have ordered you to prison for such a long period. It was a great mistake". "No", the friend said, "That was the good decision, because Almighty Allah knows more". "What do you mean by that? How it can be good decision? I ordered my best friend to prison?" The friend answered: "Remember that Almighty Allah knows more and if I was not in the prison certainly I would be with you in the hunt". Then you know what would have happened with me?
"He knows what is before them and what is behind them and to Allah are all affairs turned back". Noble Qur'an, Surah Al Hajj (22:76)
Do not judge the facts or events for the immediate results! Almighty Allah, the Highest, the Omniscient and the Wise, knows more.
When we faced by circumstances that are no good, we react quickly, "This is not good." but, perhaps we did not know the reason behind it. It can become a good thing also. Hence, from next time onward, when we face any type of situation. Let us not jump into any conclusion, always remember. This life is a test. The good and the bad, nothing happen without any reason. Our mind is not prepared to understand the reason.
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